1. sense

    n. 作名词讲时有如下几种意义：

    a. 作“意思”“意义”讲时 (同meaning)

    The word “matter” has many senses.

    Matter这个词有许多意思。

    b. 感官；感能

    A dog has a keen sense of smell.

    狗有灵敏的嗅觉。

    c. 同（sensation）[多作单]感觉（of或that从句）

    When you touch ice, you have a sense of coldness.

    你触摸冰时，会有冷的感觉。

    He suddenly had a sense that someone was standing behind him.

    突然他有一种有人站在他背后的感觉。

    d. [多作单]观念；辨别力

    a sense of duty (或direction) 责任感（方向辨别力）

    She has no sense of time.

    她没有时间观念。

    e. [U]判断力；见识；道理

    common sense常识

    in no sense决不

    make sense讲得通；有意义

    This sentence doesn't make sense.

    这句子毫无意义。

    Mother has good sense.

    妈妈有很好的判断力。

    Now you are talking sense.

    现在你说的还合情理。

    f. [复]知觉；理性

    be in (out of )one's senses头脑正常（失去理性、神志不清）

    The fresh air made her come to her senses again.

    新鲜的空气使她又清醒过来。

    vt. 作动词讲时[+名或代；+从句]感觉到；觉察，意识到

    The horse sensed danger and stopped.

    那匹马意识到有危险，停了下来。

    She sensed what her teacher was thinking.

    她感觉到了她的老师在想什么。

    2．observe

    a.  vt. 看到；注意到

    ([同]notice)([反]ignore)[+宾+补（补为不带to的动词不定式或v.-ing）

    Did you observe anything suspicious?

    你注意值得怀疑的情况了吗?

    The policeman observed the man open the window (trying to force the lock of the door.)

    那个警察看到那个人打开窗户（企图弄开门锁）。

    They were observed to enter (entering) the bank.

    他们被注意到进了银行。

    We observed that it had turned cloudy.

    我们看到天已转晴。　  

    b. vi. 注意；观察

    He observes keenly but says little.

    他注意观察但很少讲话。

    He observed that feathers fell to the ground slowly, while stones fell much faster.

    他观察到羽毛落地缓慢，而石头降落得快得多。

    I have little to observe on what has been said. 

    关于刚才所听到的我没什么好讲。

    [派生] observable a.值得注意的；观察得到的

            observation n.注意；观察；言论

           observer n.注视者；观察者；遵守者

    3．sight

    n. 情景；风景；目光；视力；看到；视野

    She lost her sight in an accident.

    她在一次事故中失明了。

    Keep out of my sight!

    别让我再看见你！

    Out of sight，out of mind. 离久则情疏。（眼不见心不烦。）

    The sight affected her to tears. 此情景使她感动得流泪。

    The city is already within sight. (=…can be seen already)

    城市已经望得见了。(在视野之中)

    I caught sight of her hurrying away. 我瞥见她匆匆走了。

    作“风景”讲常用复数。如：

    The sunset was a beautiful sight.

    日落是很美丽的景象。

    John enjoyed seeing the sights of the West Lake.

    约翰很喜欢观赏西湖风景。

    [搭配] have long/far sight 远视

    have short/near sight 近视

    have good/poor sight 视力好/差

    have one's sight tested 视力检查

    in sight 可看得见的，在视线内

    out of sight 看不见的，在视程之外

    catch/have /get sight of 突然瞥见

    at the sight of 一看见……就

    They ran away at the sight of the police.他们一看见警察就逃之夭夭了。

    burst into sight / view 突然出现

    at first sight 乍一看，第一眼。如：

    He fell in love with that girl at the first sight. 他对那个女孩一见钟情。

    [辨析]sight, scenery, view, scene

    sight指“景色”是可数名词时，往往指眼见的景色，如供人游览的“景”和“名胜”，但尤指人工制成的景。

    One of the beautiful sights is the castle.

    那城堡是美景中的一个。

    scenery是个不可数名词，含不管是否映入眼帘的风景。

    The road passes through the most charming scenery.

    这条大路穿过极为迷人的风景区。

    view和scene所表达的景色都是scenery中的一部分，往往指自然景色。如：

    Do you enjoy the ten famous views of the West Lake?

    你喜欢西湖十景吗？

    There is a lovely view from this window.

    从这个窗子可以看到一片秀丽的景色。

    There is a happy scene of children playing in the garden.

    孩子们在花园里玩耍，好一派欢乐的景象。

    另外，scene还可指舞台的场景。

    4．rough adj. 粗糙的，不平的

    have a rough time 日子艰难。

    My hands are rough with work.

    我的手由于劳动很粗糙。

    The road is very rough.

    路非常不平。

    His manners are rough, but he is a kind man

    (在内心里).他虽然举止粗鲁，但内心善良。

    They had rough weather, and Kunta's back bled from rolling over on the hard wooden boards.

    途中天气非常恶劣，由于在硬木板上滚来滚去，昆塔的背流出了血。

    5．fear    n. 害怕，恐惧

    feel no fear 什么也不怕

    She turned pale with sudden fear.

    她由于突然的恐惧脸都白了。

    The man turned blue with fear.

    因害怕，这个人变得忧郁起来。

    There was a look of fear in his eyes, such as people have when they are suddenly awakened.

    他眼中露出一种人们突然被叫醒时产生的恐惧神情。

    At the sight of blood, she stood there, quaking with fear.

    一看到血，她就站在那里，吓得浑身发抖。

    The little girl quaked with fear at the thought of the accident.

    小女孩一想到那次事故的事就怕得发抖。

    He appeared calm, but inside his heart was beating wildly with fear.

    他外表镇静，内心却因害怕而心慌意乱。

    There is no fear of his losing his way.

    他不会迷路的。

    I have a fear that we will be late. = I'm afraid we will be late.

    恐怕我们要迟到了。

    v. 害怕, 畏惧, 为...担心, 敬畏(神等)

    I fear that I am late. = I'm afraid that I am late.

    我担心迟到了。

    Pure gold fears no fire.

    真金不怕火炼。

    I fear to speak in public.

    我害怕在公共场合讲话。

    She feared for the little boy's safety.

    她担心这个小男孩的安全问题。

〖测试要点〗

    (1) 用于简略回答中。

    －Is she going to die?

    －I fear so. 恐怕如此。

    － Will he get well?

    －I fear not. 恐怕不会好了。

    (2) for fear (that) 由于害怕，生怕，以免。后跟的从句中用情态动词 might,would,should。

    I took an umbrella with me for fear (that) it should rain.

    我因为怕下雨而带雨伞去。

    with fear 害怕地

    shake with fear 吓得直哆嗦

    [同义词] fright 突然的惊吓

    dread 恐怖比更为强烈

    terror 令人毛骨悚然的恐怖

    horror 恐怖；战栗

    6. stare

    stare 作及物、不及物动词和名词用，意思是“凝视，盯着，瞪着”，含有look at sb / sth with wide-open eyes for a long time.

    It is rude to stare at a foreigner.

    盯着陌生人看是不礼貌的。

    She was staring out of the windows, thinking.

    她凝视着窗外，沉思着。

    She gave me an icy stare.

    她冷冷的瞪了我一眼。

〖测试要点〗

    (1)stare sb up and down 上下打量着某人 = look / stare sb in the face

    After I knocked at the door, the door opened and a boy appeared. He stared me up and down.我敲了几下门，门开了出来了一个男孩，他上下打量了我一番。

    (2)stare at 是“凝视，盯着看”，glare at 是“怒视”。stare sb into 瞪某人使其……。

    She stared her children into silence.

    她瞪着她的孩子让他们安静。

    The policeman stared at the thief.

    警察盯着小偷看。

    She rose,glaring at the rude waiter.

    她站了起来，怒视着这个粗鲁的侍者。

    stare straight at = look in a fixed way 盯着……

    The lion turned its face and stared straight at Mrs Cousins.

    狮子转过头盯着卡森斯太太。

    ［辨析］stare at/gaze at /glare at

    stare (at sb / sth): look (at sb / sth) with the eyes wide open（对某人/ 某物）瞪着眼睛凝视，盯着看。

    gaze (at sb / sth): look long and steadily (at sb / sth) in surprise or admiration 久久地凝视，注视

    glare (at sb / sth): stare angrily or fiercely  怒目而视。

    7. firmly  adv. 坚定地, 稳固地

    We firmly support them.

    我们坚决支持他们。

    As I expressed to him my thanks, he held my hand firmly, looked into my eyes …

    当我向他致谢时，他紧紧握住我的手，盯着我的眼睛……

    〖释疑〗句中 firmly 不能用firm，但可以用stand firm, 站得稳。hold firm 固守。

    firm / firmly 坚固地；坚实地；牢牢地。

    I was holding firm to the saddle.

    我牢牢地抓住马鞍。

    They firmly support us.

    他们坚定地支持我们。

    Looking back upon our achievements, we are firmly convinced that we shall be able to achieve even greater victories.

    回顾我们所取得的成就，我们坚信将能取得更大的胜利。

    8. rare adj.稀罕的, 杰出的, 珍贵的, (肉类)半熟的

    [同]unusual  [反]common

    Would you like it rare, medium, or well-done?

    您喜欢做得嫩一点，中等程度还是老一点？

    I shall never forget finding that rare stamp on an ordinary envelope.

    我永远也忘不了在一个普通信封上发现了那枚珍贵的邮票。

    Deer of this kind are very rare.

    这种鹿非常罕见。

    9.reduce   v.（及物动词）缩减，减轻：减少，如在范围、数量上或程度上减少

    They seek to reduce waste, protect the earth ……

    它们设法减少废物，保护地球……

    a. reduce…to…降低……到……；使……成为

    Enemy bombers reduced the city to rubble.

    敌人的轰炸机把城市夷为平地

    His speech reduced us to silence.

    他的演讲使我们安静了下来。

    His words reduce everyone there to tears.

    他的话语使在场的每一个人都潸然泪下。

    We have seen that the hibernating animal reduces movement to far below the ordinary level.

    我们已经看到冬眠动物的活动量减少到远远低于一般水平。

    b.表示降低的百分比时常用by表达。如：

    reduce the price by 10 percent把价格降低10%

    reduce the amount to 80%把数量减少到80

    10.related  adj. 叙述的, 讲述的, 有关系的

    〖点拨〗be related to“和……有关系”。

    relate的名词是：relation关系；联系。relative亲戚。如：

    the friendly relations between the two countries两国间的友好关系

    Light industry is closely related to the people's life.

    轻工业与人民生活有密切联系。

    I can't relate what he does to what he says.

    我看他所做的和所说的完全是两回事。

    He made some remarks relative to what had happened.

    他讲了几句和发生的事情有关的话。

    [派生]be connected with的意思是“与……有关”(=to be related to)。

    be related by marriage有姻亲关系；

    11.impossible adj.：not possible, that cannot happen 不可能，做不到的

    （副词是 impossibly, 名词是 impossibility）

〖测试要点〗

    (1) 不能用人作主语，可以用物或者 it 作形式主语。例如：

    Nothing is impossible to a willing mind.

    (谚语) 世上无难事，只怕有心人。

    The accident seemed impossible.

    这意外事故似乎是不可能的。

    It is impossible to get a taxi on such a rainy day.

    在这样的下雨天是不可能搭到出车的。

    It is impossible for her to eat up such a big cake, isn't it?

    要她吃完如此一个大饼是不可能的，对不？

    (2) impossible 作宾补。

    Illness made it impossible for him to go on with his work.

    疾病使他无法继续他的工作。

    (3) 用于主语从句中。It is impossible + that 干……是不可能的

    It's impossible for one and one to make three. 一加一不可能等于三。

    Office workers tried to put out the fire, but it was impossible to control it.

    办公室的工作人员试图把火扑灭，但是他们控制不了火势。

    Helicopters were sent to rescue them, but it was impossible for them to get close enough.

    派来了直升飞机援救这些人，但是直升机无法靠近他们。

    However, in hilly, dry or mountainous areas where it is impossible to grow crops, it makes very good sense to keep sheep or goats.

    多山地区不可能种庄稼，用以养羊很有道理。

    Sometimes it's just impossible to understand.

    有时候要听懂英语实在是不可能的。

    [注意]impossible只能修饰“某事物”或“做某事”，不能修饰某人也不作某人的表语。如不能说 You are impossible to do it. 而要用You are unable to do it. 来表示“你没有能力做这件事”。

    12. accept（及物动词）接受, 认可, 承担, 承兑

    accept A as B认为 / 承认A是B

    The police accepted the story as true.

    警方认为这事是真的。

    These gestures are accepted both by Chinese and English speakers as having the same meaning.

    这些手势和姿态对说汉语的人和说英语的人都是一样的意思。

    It is a widely accepted belief. 这是个为人广泛接受的信念。

    The suggestion that a new bridge (should) be built was accepted.

    采纳了在这里修建一座新桥的建议。

    [辨析]accept, receive与get

    (1) accept “接受，答应”，主要表示主观上的同意接受，着重主语的态度。

    He has accepted the doctor's advice to give up smoking.

    他接受了医生戒烟的建议。

    Scientists have accepted the new theory.

    科学家们已接受了这个新理论。

    He accepted the job in this company because they offered him a reasonable salary.

    他之所以接受了这个公司的工作是因为他们提供给他合理的薪水。

    He refused rather than accepted my offer of help.

    他拒绝了而不是接受了我的帮助。

    We wish him to remain and accept the post.

    我们希望他留下来接受这个职位。（注意hope后不跟不定式做宾补。）

    accept one's fate. 承受某人的命运

    (2) receive, get 都可表示“收到”，强调客观，并不涉及主观上是否愿意接受.

    Mary received/got a gift from a friend of hers, but she didn't seem to accept it.

    玛丽受到了她的一个朋友的礼物，但她好象不准备收下。

    I don't think that he'll accept your invitation.

    我认为他不会接受你的邀请。

    13.stick   n. 棍, 棒, 手杖，粘性，边远地区

    a stick of dynamite.一捆炸药

    using both a carrot and a stick to keep allies in line.

    同时用胡萝卜和大棒政策来使联盟保持一致。

    a glue with plenty of stick.

    具有很强粘性的胶水。

    moved to the sticks.

    迁入边远地区。

    v.  粘住, 粘贴；坚持

    stick together in a crowd；stuck with me on the unfamiliar trail.

    在人群中贴在一块；在不熟悉的山路上与我一起走。

    stuck to basic principles.坚持基本原则。

    vt. 刺, 戳；使迷惑；欺骗，欺诈；迟疑，犹豫

    a stick in the ribs. 肋骨上的一戳。

    stick a hook on the wall. 把一个钩子钉在墙上。

    Sometimes even simple questions stick me.

    有时仅仅是简单的问题也使我困惑。

    The dealer stuck me with shoddy merchandise.

    那个商人用假货骗我。

    stick by a friend through difficult times.

    在危难时期对朋友保持忠诚。

    She sticks at nothing—no matter how difficult.

    她毫不迟疑，不管有多困难。

    [常见词组] be stuck on【非正式用语】非常喜欢…

    stick it to【俚语】严厉或错误地对待

    stick (one's) neck out【非正式用语】冒险：使某人自己变得易受攻击；冒险

    stick to one's guns或stick by one's guns坚持，恪守：坚持一个观点或固定的行为方式

    stick to (one's) knitting【非正式用语】管某人自己的事情

    stick to (one's) ribs【非正式用语】大块的或易饱的。用于食物

    stick up for：To defend or support. 保卫或支持

    [辨析]insist/keep on/stick to

    insist表示坚持自己的要求或意见；keep on表示坚持持续的动作；stick to表示坚持不懈地、不放弃做某事。