本单元语法难点：

    1.掌握that在名词性从句中的用法。that在宾语从句中，不充当成份，也无词意，因此它可以省去；在主语、表语和同位语从句中，that虽然不充当成份，也无词意，但不能省略。

    Today's newspaper reports(that) sales of beef in China will increase.（宾语从句）

    今天的报纸报道说，中国的牛肉销售量将会增加。

    That land ownership in some countries is unfair is obvious.（主语从句）

    在一些国家里，土地所有制的不公平是显而易见的。

    The reason is that is has been raining for five days.（表语从句）

    原因是已经下了五天的雨。

    The reason that it has been raining for five days is why the crops has been flooded.

    连续下了五天的雨，所以庄稼都泡在水里了。（同位语从句）

    2.注意宾语从句中主句与从句谓语动词时态的呼应。

    宾语从句中主句与从句谓语动词时态的呼应有三种情况：

    A)主语谓语动词用现在和将来时态时，从句谓语动词可用任何所需要的时态。

    Tom says that his sister is(was, will be) a doctor.

    B)主句谓语动词用过去时态时，从句谓语动词则根据语境用过去时间的各种时态。这规律意也适用于主语、表语和同位语从句。

    He thought the boy was honest.

    I told him his brother was coming (would come).

    We didn't know whether they had finished their work.

    注意：当从句说的内容是一般真理或客观事实时，从句谓语动词仍用一般现在时。

    The mother told her little daughter that the earth goes round the sum.

    He told me that the train for Beijing leaves at 10:30.

    Somebody told me that you are a teacher.

    3.否定转移

    当主句的动词是think, believe, suppose, expect时，从句的否定要前移。

    I don't think she is right.

【重要短语讲解】

    1．in sight 被看到, 可看得见的，在视线内。

    No one was in sight.

    没看到任何人。

    [链接]on sight一看见立刻：

    threatened to shoot looters on sight.

    一看见暴民就威胁要射击

    out of sight【俚语】奇特的；不可置信的：

    The graduation party was out of sight.

    毕业生晚会太棒了。

    sight for sore eyes【非正式用语】乐于见到的人或物

    sight unseen没有看见被谈论的物体：

    bought the horse sight unseen.

    未经察看买下那匹马

    2．reach out 伸出手（臂），可作不及物动词，也可作及物动词。如：

    She reached out and took down a dictionary from the top shelf.

    她伸手从最高一格书架上取下一本词典。

    She reached out her hand and offered to shake his.

    她伸了手去，想和他握手。

    reach out to把手伸向

    reach out for伸手去那拿。在本课相当于be engaged in, be devoted to. 如：

    Lincoln reached out for the slaves' freedom.

    林肯为使奴隶获得自由而孜孜不倦的奋斗。

    3．pay back v. 偿还(借款), 报答, 报复

    He has promised to pay back my money in a few weeks' time.

    他答应在几周之内就还钱给我。

    If you borrowed  money from him, don't forget to pay them back to him recently.

    如果你向他借了钱，别忘了尽快还给他。

    We both worked day and night to pay back the money we had borrowed.

    我们两人为了偿还这笔债不分昼夜地干活。（day and night或night and day都表示“日日夜夜地、日夜不停地”）

     [辨析]pay back, pay for, pay off, pay out

     (1) pay back“偿还，偿付；报复”。pay 本身即有“付清、付帐”的意思，加 back 后更强调“偿还”的意思。如：

    I have paid back the money you lent me.

    我已把你借给我的钱还给你了。

    (2) pay for “付款，偿付”。如：

    How much did you pay for the recorder?

    你买这个录音机花了多少钱？

    They paid ＄3,000 for the car.

    他们买汽车花了三千美元。

     (3) pay off“还清债务，付掉”。如：

    I'll pay off my debt with this check.

    我要用这张支票把我的债务全部还清。

    The lady paid off all her debts in time.

    这位女士按时把债务付清了。

     (4) pay out“付出”。如：

    They paid out ＄550 that month.

    他们每月支出500美元。

    4．be frozen with 冻 freeze ( froze, frozen, freezing )

    The road is frozen hard. 路上的冰结得很硬。

    be frozen to death 冻死

    a frozen river 一条冻结着的河。

    Water freezes at （the temperature of ）zero degree centigrade.

    水在摄氏零度结冰。

    The road is frozen hard. 路上的冰结得很硬。

[测试要点]

    (1) freezing 作名词是“冰点”。作形容词是“极冷的；冻结的”。

    It must be 4 degrees below freezing today.

    今天一定是零下 4 度。

    That freezing machine is cheap.

    It is freezing. 今天太冷了。

    (2) freeze sb's blood = make sb's blood freeze 使某人极度恐惧

    (3) be frozen to death 冻死

    5．make sense: can be understandable 有意义

    Can you make sense of what he said?

    你能听懂他讲的饿话吗？

    No one can make sense of these strange signs.

    没人能看懂这些奇怪的符号。

    The explanation makes no sense, because the words are hard.

    单词太难，解释很难懂。

    No matter how you read it, this sentence doesn't make sense.

    无论你如何断句，这句子还是不通。

    Does that make sense?

    你弄懂了吗？

    6. make the most of v.尽量利用，充分利用

    We must make the most use of our time to study well.

    我们应该充分利用我们的时间好好学习。

    Tom makes the most use of his spare time to learn English, he wants to be a useful in the future.

    汤姆充分利用闲暇时间学英语，他想以后成为一个有用的人。

    7. feed on 以……为食, 以……为能源

    [辨析]raise, keep, support, feed

    这四个词都有“抚养”、“养家”、“赡养”的意思，但feed更强调“喂养食物”。例如：

    He has a large family to keep. = He has a large family to support.

    他有一大家子要养活。

    He was raised by his aunt because his parents were both killed in an earthquake.

    他是由他的姨妈养大的，因为他的双亲在一次地震中遇难了。

    He promised to his parents he would support himself after graduation from college.

    他向他的父母许诺大学毕业后要自力谋生。

    Little children like to go to the zoo and feed the animals there.

    小孩子们喜欢去动物园喂那里的动物。

    raise, keep还特指种植、栽培农作物；饲养家畜等意思。例如：

    Uncle Tom raises / keeps chickens, pigs and corn on his farm.

    汤姆叔叔在农场里养了小鸡、猪，还种了玉米。