【难点解析】
1. We are in Italy now, and tomorrow we are visiting Pompeii.
我们现在到了意大利，明天将参观庞贝。
句中are visiting是现在进行时，表示“将参观”，英语中表示“来”、“去”等意义的动词常可用现在进行时表示将来的动作。
现在进行时表将来的用法时表近期的，事先已经计划安排好的。例如：
—How are you getting to the airport?
—By taxi.Bob is coming with me to the airport.
“你准备怎样去机场？”“坐出租车去。鲍勃打算和我一起去机场。”
My uncle is coming to see me tomorrow.
我叔叔明天要来看我。
2．In 89 BC, the Romans took over Pompeii.
公元前89年，罗马人占领了庞贝。
短语take over 的意思是“占领”、“接管”，后可接名词或动名词，也可单独使用。例如：
He’d like to take over the farm one day.
他想有一天接管这个农场。
He is taking over my job while I am on holiday.
我度假期间，他将接手我的工作。
Not long after the American Civil War began, the Northern army took over many of the Southern cities.
美国南北战争爆发后不久，北方军队占领了许多南方城市。
After we had stopped for lunch, Sheila took over the driving for a while.
我们停下来用午餐后，希拉接过去开了一会儿车。
3．On 24th August AD 79, the volcano erupted and lava, ash and rocks poured out of it onto the surrounding countryside.
公元79年8月24日，该火山突然爆发，熔岩、火山灰和岩石从火山口喷射到周边的乡村。
(1)erupt vi. (火山等) 爆发
Few people expected the volcano to erupt again.
很少有人希望火山再次爆发。
The volcano erupted after years of dormancy.
那座火山在沉睡多年后剧烈活动起来
My neighbor erupted in anger over the noise.
噪声使我的邻居勃然大怒
(2)pour out v. 诉说, 倾吐
After every match the stadium_______thousands of people______the surrounding streets.
A.turns；into B.changes；into C.went；to D.pours；into
答案：D
[解析]很多人从体育馆涌到周围街道上。
(3) surrounding 为形容词“周围的”，the surrounding area“周边地区”作名词(总以复数形式出现) surroundings=environment．例如：
The house is in beautiful surroundings．
这所房屋环境优美。
4．Unfortunately, all the people were buried alive, and so was the city.
不幸的是，全城的人都被活埋了，整座城市也被掩埋了！
(1)unfortunately adv.不幸地。例如：
Unfortunately the little girl lost her sight with that terrible illness.
不幸的是那个小女孩因患重病失明了。
Unfortunately it will cost a lot of money.
不幸的是要花很多钱。
(2)句中so was the city 意为“城市也……”。
‘so+be(do/have/can)+subject’表示前句话所述的情况，也适用于另一个（些）人或物，so后面的谓语动词的选择要根据前面句子的谓语形式而定，时态要一致，同时so结构中主语人称和数也要保持一致。其否定式为‘nor/neither+be(do,have,can)+subject’.例如：
He has read the book, So have I.
他看过这本书我也看过。
If you go to the cinema tonight, so will I.
如果你今晚去电影院我也去。
You can't speak English, nor can Tom
你不会讲英语汤姆也不会。
例：As your spoken English gets better, your written English gets better, your written English.
A. so does B. so will C. such does D.such will
答案：B
[解析]此题考查“so+be/do/have/can+主语”结构，表示前者的情况也同样适合后者，又由于从句用的是一般现在时，因此主句应用将来时。
5. People started to dig in the area for treasure, which caused much damage.
人们开始在这个地区挖掘金银财宝，对遗址造成了很大的破坏。
句中which 引导非限制性定语从句，修饰前面的整个主句。例如：
Matt got first place in the game, which excited everyone.
马特获得比赛的第一名，这使得大家都很兴奋。
My new car, which I paid several thousand pounds for, is not running well.
我花几千英镑买的新车运行状况不好。
例：The meat in the fridge, ____ is still very fresh, is good enough for us to prepare a dinner for ten.
A. much of which B. many of which C. much of them D. many of them
答案：A
[解析]非限制性定语从句，用much of which。
6. It’s hard to imagine how this quiet volcano destroyed the whole city.
真的很难想像这样一座平静的火山怎么就毁灭了整个城市！
destory vt. “毁坏，摧毁”。例如：
This would destroy the entire peace of the Middle East.
这将会破坏整个中东和平。
We cannot stop earthquakes. But we can do things to make sure they do not destroy whole cities.
我们不能阻止地震，但我们却可以采取一些措施以确保地震不致毁坏整个城市。
7．Tomorrow we are off to Naples to visit he museum that houses many of the treasure from Pompeii.
明天我们将前往那不勒斯，去参观那座收藏了许多来自庞贝城的宝物的博物馆。
be off ”意为“走掉”、“动身” =are going to go …。例如：
How and when is Lucy going off to Beijing?
露丝准备怎么去、什么时候去北京？
The next day I Was off to Washington in a train.
第二天，我动身坐火车去华盛顿。
例：—I must be off now. ______. Bye.
— Thanks. The same to you. Bye.
A. All of lucky B. All the best C. All the better D. All the hope
答案：B
[解析]句中be off “要走了”。根据回答可知是嘱咐的话语。只有B项可以，All the best. “祝一切都好，一切顺利。”
8．It is believed by many people to have been gradually covered over by standstorms from AD 200 to AD 500.
很多人相信，它是在公元200年至公元500年之见被风沙渐渐覆盖了。
(1) 句中it 指的是楼兰古城，to have been gradually covered over 是动词不定式的被动式，使用了完成时态，表示“被覆盖”的事情已经发生。例如：
This book is reported to have been translated into many different language.
据报道，这本书已被翻译成了多种语言。
后接不定式用于类似结构的动词除report 之外还有say, believe 等。例如：
The film is said to be very touching.
据说那电影很感人。
The old castle was believed to have ghosts living in it for many years.
多年来人们一直相信这座古堡里面居住着幽灵。
(2) gradually adv. “渐渐地，逐渐地”
His sense of touch gradually took the place of sight.
他的触觉逐渐代替了视觉。
The girls gradually quieted down.
女孩子们慢慢安静了下来了。
9. Seven found the remains of buildings bried under the sand, together with a lot of treasures, such as coins, painted pots, silk materials, documents and all paintings.
斯文发现了埋藏在沙子下面的建筑物遗迹，以及很多诸如钱币、彩绘罐、丝绸、文献和壁画等珍贵文物。
together with 在次表伴随。当主语后面跟 as well as , with , together with , but , including , besides 等连接的名词或代词时，谓语动词和其前面的名词或代词在人称和数方面保持一致。例如：
He, together with his classmates , will see the film.
他将会和他的同学一起去看电影。
Mr.Wang , together with his wife , has gone to Australia.
王先生和他太太一起去了澳大利亚。
例：When I got home last night，Tom together with my parents______________TV.
A.watched B.watching C.was watching D.were watching
答案：C
[解析]本题综合性较强，同时考查时态和主谓一致两个目标。when引导的时间状语从句提供的情景，决定主句中的动词应用过去进行时；主句的主语是Tom，故动词用单数形式。
10．Not only was Rome a city a republic, but it was also to become the captain of the largest empires in history.
此时的罗马不仅是一座城市和一个共和国，它也将成为历史上最大帝国之一的都城。
Not only…but also…conj.“不但...而且”。表递进关系。not only放句首后面的句子要用倒装语序。
She can not only sing but also play the piano.
她不仅会唱歌还会弹钢琴。
He gave me not only money but also advice.
他不仅给了我钱还给了我建议。
例：Things are getting worse than before. Not only _____ polluted, but _____ so crowded.
A. is the city; are all the streets B. the city is; are all the streets
C. is the city; all the streets are D. the city is; the streets are
答案：C
[解析]not only等含有否定意义的词用在句首时，主谓倒装；但but所引导句子不倒装。
11．In both China and Rome at this time, poetry, literature and philosophy were being developed.
此时，无论在中国还是在罗马，诗歌、文学和哲学都有了长足发展。
句中were being developed 是被动语态的过去进行时，表示过去某一时间正在发生的事。
When I got there, the rooms were being painted.
我到达那里时，房间正在刷油漆。
She almost felt that she was being mocked.
她几乎感觉到她在被嘲弄。
Trees were being planted here this time last year.
去年的这个时候许多树被栽到了这儿。
12．In return for silk, China received wine, spices, wool and other goods.
中国用丝绸交换酒、香料、羊毛和其它物品。
短语in return for的意思是“作为对……的回报”。例如：
We gave Peter a nice present in return for his cooperation.
彼得很合作，作为回报我们给他送了一份很漂亮的礼物。
I'll pay you six thousand ducats in return for the three thousand ducats that Antonio borrowed.
将付给你六千块钱，用来归还安东尼奥借的那三千块钱。
13．It was a different story for China with the formation of the Sui Dynasty in AD 581, which once again reunited China in AD 589.
而此时对于中国就是一段不同的历史了：公元581年隋朝建立，它在公元589年重新统一了中国。
句中which 引导的非限制性定语从句修饰先行词the Sui Dynasty.
先行词和从句用逗号隔开的一般称为非限制性定语从句，用于补充解释或说明先行词或前面的句子，与先行词的街接不太紧密。例如：
He left without saying good-bye ,which made his friend angry.
他的不辞而别使得他的朋友很生气。
This is our factory, at the back of which there is a river.
这是我们工厂，厂后有一条河。
In area it is about the same size as the USA (without Alaska),which has more than thirteen times as many people.
从面积上讲，澳大利亚大体上相当于美国(阿位斯加除外)，而美国的人口却从澳大利亚人口的十三倍还多。
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